Kateteriin

Kateteriin, also known as catheterization, is a medical procedure involving the insertion of a flexible tube called a catheter into the body to drain or deliver fluids. This technique is commonly used in various clinical settings to manage urinary, vascular, or other bodily functions when natural processes are compromised or require temporary support.

The most frequent application of catheterization is urinary catheterization, where a catheter is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine. This procedure is often employed in patients who are unable to urinate independently due to conditions such as urinary retention, postoperative recovery, or severe illness. Catheters can be temporary (indwelling for short periods) or permanent (long-term, such as in spinal cord injuries or chronic conditions).

Vascular catheterization involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel, typically for administering medications, fluids, or nutrients directly into the bloodstream. Central venous catheters, for example, are used for long-term intravenous access in patients requiring chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, or hemodialysis.

Catheterization carries risks, including infection (such as urinary tract infections or bloodstream infections), trauma to surrounding tissues, and complications like blockages or improper placement. Proper sterilization techniques, aseptic procedures, and regular monitoring are essential to minimize these risks.

The procedure is performed by trained healthcare professionals, including nurses, doctors, or specialized technicians, depending on the type and complexity of catheterization. Patient education on care, hygiene, and potential complications is crucial for those requiring long-term catheter use. Advances in medical technology have led to the development of safer, more comfortable catheters, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.