Kasviestrogeeneja

Kasviestrogeeneja, also known as plant hormones or phytohormones, are chemical substances produced by plants that regulate various physiological processes. These hormones play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. They are classified into five main groups: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene.

Auxins, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), promote cell elongation and differentiation, and are essential for root growth and phototropism. Gibberellins, like GA3, stimulate cell elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins, including zeatin and isopentenyladenine (iP), regulate cell division, differentiation, and delay senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in stress responses, seed dormancy, and leaf senescence. Ethylene, produced by the amino acid methionine, regulates fruit ripening, senescence, and abscission.

Phytohormones interact with each other and with other signaling molecules to coordinate plant responses to various stimuli, such as light, gravity, and nutrient availability. They also mediate plant responses to environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, and temperature extremes. Understanding the role of phytohormones in plant biology is essential for improving crop productivity, enhancing stress tolerance, and developing sustainable agricultural practices.