Kasachstans

Kasachstans is a landlocked sovereign state located in Central Asia and a small portion of Eastern Europe. It is the ninth-largest country in the world by area, spanning roughly 2.725 million square kilometers. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan to the south, and the Caspian Sea to the west. The capital is Astana. The country uses two main time zones.

The population is about 19-20 million, with a multi-ethnic mix led by Kazakhs and Russians and numerous other groups. The state language is Kazakh; Russian is widely used in administration and daily life. Major urban centers include Almaty and Astana. The country is home to vast steppe landscapes, mountains, deserts, and rivers.

Kasachstans has a history of being part of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union. It declared independence on December 16, 1991, and established a presidential republic. The political system has a strong executive role; parliament consists of the Senate and the Mazhilis. The government has pursued market-oriented reforms and regional integration within groups such as the WTO and the CSTO/SCO.

The economy is resource-rich, with significant oil, natural gas, uranium, and mineral resources. It has a diversified economy that includes agriculture, manufacturing, and services. It is a leading uranium producer and a large energy exporter; exports include hydrocarbons, metals, and grains. The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a notable space-related facility. The currency is the tenge.

Cultural life combines Turkic, Russian, and Central Asian influences. Islam is the largest religion, with a substantial Christian minority and secular traditions. The country preserves UNESCO sites and a heritage of nomadic traditions, music, and crafts.