Karstimuodot

Karstimuodot are geological features formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks, primarily limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. This process, known as karstification, is driven by the chemical action of rainwater, which becomes slightly acidic as it absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and soil. When this acidic water flows over and percolates through soluble rock, it slowly dissolves the minerals, creating underground passages and surface depressions.

Common karst landforms include sinkholes, which are depressions or holes in the ground surface created by the collapse of underlying bedrock or the removal of soil by percolating water. Caves and caverns are extensive underground systems formed by the dissolution of rock. Stalactites and stalagmites are depositional formations found within caves, created as mineral-rich water drips and evaporates. Other surface features can include uvalas, which are coalesced sinkholes, and poljes, which are large, flat-floored depressions. Underground drainage systems are also characteristic of karst landscapes, with rivers and streams often disappearing into sinkholes and reappearing elsewhere. Karst topography is found in many regions worldwide, including parts of China, the United States, Slovenia, and Mexico, and is often associated with unique ecosystems and water resources.