Karnads

Karnads are a historically significant social caste found primarily in the regions of modern-day West Bengal and Bangladesh. The exact etymology of the term 'Karnad' is unclear, but it is believed to be derived from the Bengali word 'karna' meaning 'leather' or 'craft', possibly referencing the caste's traditional occupation as tanners and artisans.

In the traditional caste hierarchy of ancient India, the Karnads were considered an intermediate caste, neither high nor low but situated between the scheduled castes and the upper varnas. According to the Bengal Divisions of the Indian Caste System, the Karnads held a specific place in the caste hierarchy of Bengal, with their occupation and social standing influencing their position.

Traditionally, the Karnads were known for their expertise in various crafts, including leatherwork, metalwork, and other artisanal skills. Many Karnads lived in small villages and towns, where they established close-knit communities. They cultivated a distinct culture and social identity that reflected their caste-specific traditions and practices. Historically, the Karnads played a significant role in Bengal's social, economic, and cultural landscape.

However, as Bengal's society underwent rapid changes in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Karnads' social standing and economic circumstances began to shift. With the rise of imperial powers, British colonial policies, and modernization efforts, many Karnads faced economic uncertainty and marginalization, leading to significant changes in their way of life. The introduction of more Westernized occupations and social practices challenged the traditional authority and livelihoods of many Karnads.

The present social dynamics of Karnads in West Bengal and Bangladesh remain complex, characterized by both continuity and change. Efforts to acknowledge and protect the rights of traditional occupation communities, such as the Karnads, have emerged within the social justice movement, with government initiatives to recognize traditional crafts and artisans.