Karcinogens

A carcinogen is any substance, organism, or agent that causes cancer. This can happen through damage to a cell's DNA or by interfering with the cells' normal repair processes. Exposure to carcinogens can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

There are many known carcinogens, both natural and synthetic. Examples of natural carcinogens include aflatoxins, which are produced by certain molds found on crops, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Synthetic carcinogens include substances like asbestos, benzene, and certain chemicals found in tobacco smoke and industrial emissions.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization, classifies carcinogens into different groups based on the strength of evidence that they cause cancer in humans. Group 1 includes agents that are carcinogenic to humans, while Group 2A and 2B include agents that are probably or possibly carcinogenic to humans, respectively. Group 3 includes agents that are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans, and Group 4 for agents that are probably not carcinogenic to humans.

The risk of developing cancer from exposure to a carcinogen depends on several factors, including the type of carcinogen, the level and duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Prevention strategies often involve reducing exposure to known carcinogens through public health measures, workplace safety regulations, and lifestyle choices.