Karbonkivonás

Karbonkivonás, also known as carbon removal or carbon dioxide removal (CDR), refers to technologies and natural processes that extract carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere and store it durably. This is distinct from carbon capture and storage (CCS), which typically captures CO2 from point sources like industrial facilities before it enters the atmosphere.

The primary goal of karbonkivonás is to address the legacy of greenhouse gas emissions that have accumulated in the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. By actively removing CO2, it aims to not only slow down the rate of warming but potentially reverse it over time.

Various approaches exist for karbonkivonás. Some are nature-based, such as afforestation and reforestation, which increase the capacity of forests to absorb CO2 through photosynthesis. Soil carbon sequestration, enhancing the ability of soils to store carbon, is another nature-based solution.

Engineered solutions include direct air capture (DAC), which uses chemical processes to filter CO2 from ambient air. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) involves growing biomass, which absorbs CO2, then burning it for energy and capturing the resulting CO2 for storage. Enhanced weathering, which involves spreading crushed silicate rocks on land to accelerate the natural process of CO2 absorption, is another engineered method.

The effectiveness, scalability, cost, and permanence of storage are key considerations for different karbonkivonás methods. Research and development in this area are ongoing, with a growing recognition of its potential role in climate mitigation strategies.