Karbonathärteentfernung

Karbonathärteentfernung, often referred to as temporary hardness removal, is a process that reduces the concentration of carbonate ions in water. This hardness is primarily caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium carbonates. When water is heated, these carbonates can precipitate out, forming scale in pipes, boilers, and other equipment.

The most common method for Karbonathärteentfernung is through heating. When water containing temporary hardness is heated above a certain temperature, typically around 60-80 degrees Celsius, the dissolved bicarbonates decompose. This decomposition releases carbon dioxide and forms insoluble carbonate precipitates. These precipitates can then be removed by settling and filtration, or they may adhere to heating surfaces as scale. This method is often employed in industrial settings and in domestic hot water systems.

Another method is chemical precipitation. Adding chemicals like lime (calcium hydroxide) or soda ash (sodium carbonate) can react with the dissolved calcium and magnesium ions, forming insoluble precipitates that can be removed. This approach is more controlled and can achieve a higher degree of hardness reduction compared to simple heating alone. Ion exchange is another effective technique, where water is passed through a resin that exchanges hardness ions for sodium ions. While this removes all types of hardness, including permanent hardness, it is also highly effective for temporary hardness. The choice of method depends on factors such as the desired level of hardness reduction, water volume, and cost considerations.