Karbala

Karbala is a city in central Iraq, the capital of Karbala Governorate, located on the west bank of the Euphrates River about 80 to 100 kilometers southwest of Baghdad. The city is one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, attracting millions of pilgrims annually.

The city’s historical significance centers on the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, in which Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Prophet Muhammad, and his followers were killed. The sites associated with Husayn and his half-brother Abbas are the Imam Husayn Shrine and the Al Abbas Shrine, which have been rebuilt and expanded over centuries.

Pilgrimage and religious observances are central to Karbala’s identity. The shrines are focal points during Muharram, especially Ashura, and the Arba'een pilgrimage, when millions travel to Karbala. The city’s religious institutions, hospitals and hospitality services support the influx of pilgrims.

Geography, climate and economy: Karbala lies in a desert climate zone with hot summers and mild winters and low annual rainfall. The economy revolves around pilgrim services, hospitality, trade, and light industry, alongside agriculture in surrounding areas.

Demographics and administration: The population is predominantly Shia Muslim, with spiritual and cultural life centered around the shrines. Karbala is the administrative center of Karbala Governorate and hosts universities, religious seminaries, and cultural institutions.