Kapacitáshaladékok

Kapacitáshaladékok, or capacity surpluses, refers to a situation where the available production capacity in an economy exceeds the actual demand for goods and services. This can occur for a variety of reasons, including overinvestment, technological advancements that boost efficiency, or a decline in consumer spending. When capacity surpluses arise, businesses may experience lower capacity utilization rates, leading to reduced profitability and potentially job losses as they scale back production.

Such surpluses can be a sign of economic inefficiency, indicating that resources are not being allocated optimally. Conversely, a small degree of capacity surplus can be beneficial, allowing for flexibility in meeting unexpected demand spikes and fostering innovation. However, persistent and widespread capacity surpluses can signal underlying economic problems, such as insufficient aggregate demand or structural issues within industries.

Addressing capacity surpluses often involves stimulating demand through fiscal or monetary policy, encouraging industries to diversify their product offerings, or facilitating the reallocation of resources to sectors with higher demand. International trade can also play a role by providing external markets for excess production. The management of capacity surpluses is a key consideration for economic policymakers aiming to maintain stable growth and efficient resource utilization.