Kaopectate

Kaopectate is a brand of over-the-counter antidiarrheal medications. Over the years, the specific formulation and active ingredients have varied by country and product line, but the brand is generally associated with products designed to relieve diarrhea and related stomach upset.

Historically, the classic Kaopectate formulations combined kaolin, a clay, with pectin. These ingredients act by adsorbing water and toxins in the intestine and by forming a protective coating in the gut. In many markets, later versions of Kaopectate have used different active ingredients, including bismuth subsalicylate—the same compound found in Pepto-Bismol. Bismuth subsalicylate provides antisecretory, mild antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to stool-adsorbing action.

Indications typically include relief of acute nonspecific diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea, and mild upset of the stomach or cramping. The exact mechanism depends on the product: kaolin-pectin formulations work mainly by adsorption and protective coating, while bismuth subsalicylate reduces intestinal secretion and offers additional antimicrobial activity.

Safety and precautions: Do not use in children or teenagers with viral illnesses due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome associated with salicylates. Avoid use if there is active gastrointestinal bleeding, a suspected bowel obstruction, or an allergy to salicylates. Possible side effects include darkened tongue or stools (for bismuth-containing products), constipation, and rare allergic reactions. Products containing salicylates should be used with caution in pregnancy and when taking other medications, as interactions can occur. If symptoms persist beyond 48 hours or worsen, medical advice should be sought.