Kalât

Kalat, also written Kalāt or Kalât, is a toponym of Persian origin. The name derives from qal'ah, meaning fortress or citadel, and is applied to several places in Iran, Pakistan and, less often, in other parts of South Asia. The term is commonly transliterated as Kalat, Qal'at, or Kalôt depending on language.

In Iran, Kalat refers to a city in Razavi Khorasan Province, which is the capital of Kalat County. The county lies in the northeastern part of the province, near the foothills of the Kopet Dag range. A notable nearby site is Qal'at-e Naderi (Kalat-e Naderi), an 18th-century fortress built by Nader Shah to guard the region and serve as a royal residence. The fortress is a well-known historic landmark and a symbol of the region's early modern history.

In Pakistan, Kalat is a city and the capital of Kalat District in Balochistan Province. It was the capital of the former Kalat State, a large princely state ruled by the Khan of Kalat during the British Raj and into the early decades after independence. The state acceded to Pakistan in the late 1940s, and Kalat today is part of the administrative framework of Balochistan.

The name Kalat also appears in other transliterations and in related place names across the region, where fortifications or fortified settlements influenced local toponyms.