Kalsineuriini

Kalsineuriini, also known as calcineurin, is a calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase. It plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways, particularly in T-cell activation and immune responses. In T cells, the activation of kalsineuriini leads to the dephosphorylation of several transcription factors, including Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells (NFAT). Dephosphorylated NFAT can then translocate to the nucleus and initiate the transcription of genes involved in T-cell proliferation and cytokine production.

Beyond its role in immunity, kalsineuriini is also implicated in neuronal plasticity, muscle development, and cardiac function. Its involvement in these diverse processes highlights its significance as a central regulator of cellular activity. Due to its critical role in T-cell activation, kalsineuriini is a major target for immunosuppressive drugs. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus, commonly used in organ transplantation and autoimmune disease treatment, function by inhibiting kalsineuriini activity. This inhibition prevents the activation of T cells and thus suppresses the immune response. Research continues to explore the full spectrum of kalsineuriini's functions and its therapeutic potential in various conditions.