Kaitsealused

Kaitsealused is a term used in Estonia to refer to species that are legally protected due to their rarity, ecological importance, or vulnerability. The designation applies to living individuals, as well as parts of organisms, nests, and critical habitats. Protected status is intended to safeguard biodiversity and to ensure the persistence of species across their natural range.

Legal framework and scope: In Estonia, protected species are governed under national law and related regulations that implement European Union conservation directives. The system is supported by the Ministry of the Environment and the Keskkonnaamet (Environmental Board), which designate protected species and specify the conditions under which activities involving them may occur. The protection regime covers both fauna and flora, including species that occur in need of special protection, rare or restricted-range species, and populations that rely on particular habitats.

Restrictions and obligations: For protected species, it is generally prohibited to harm, kill, capture, relocate, or trade individuals or their parts without a permit. Disturbing nests, damaging habitats, or collecting protected plants typically requires authorization. Transportation, sale, and export of protected specimens are restricted, and violations can lead to penalties under national law as well as international consequences under agreements such as CITES.

Examples and scope: Protected species include certain large mammals, birds, amphibians, and many plants that face regional or national threats. In addition to species protections, Estonia enforces habitat protections and networked conservation areas to maintain ecological networks and support population stability.

See also: Natura 2000, CITES, Nature Conservation Act, Keskkonnaamet.