Kaifeng

Kaifeng is a prefecture-level city in eastern Henan Province, China. It lies on the southern bank of the Yellow River and forms part of the North China Plain. The modern city administers urban and rural areas and serves as an economic and cultural center in the region.

Historically, Kaifeng has ancient roots and emerged as a major political and cultural center. It served as a capital for several dynasties, most notably the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127), when it was one of the imperial capitals of northern China. Its location along the Grand Canal helped it develop as a leading commercial hub, linking northern and southern China. After the fall of the Song, Kaifeng’s political prominence declined, but it remained an important regional city with enduring cultural significance.

Landmarks from its historic periods include the Iron Pagoda, built in the 11th century, which remains a prominent symbol of Song-era brick architecture. The Dragon Pavilion and other preserved sites reflect the city’s architectural heritage. Kaifeng’s historical landscape also includes remnants of city walls, temples, and mosques that illustrate its diverse communities through the centuries.

Culturally, Kaifeng is known for its historical communities, including the Kaifeng Jewish community documented since the Song dynasty. In modern times, the city is a growing urban center with manufacturing, logistics, and service sectors. It is also home to higher education institutions, including Henan University, one of China’s oldest universities, contributing to education and research in the region.