Kaevand

Kaevand is a type of open-pit mining used to extract minerals and ores from the earth's surface. The term is primarily used in Estonian and is derived from the Estonian words "kaev" meaning "mine" or "pit" and "and" meaning "and" or "with". This methodology is employed to extract a wide range of minerals, such as rock salt, quartz, and limestone, as well as various types of metal ores.

In a kaevand mining operation, a large pit is created by removing soil, rock, and other materials that lay above the desired mineral deposits. The extracted material is often removed in a series of benches, with each bench further undercutting the previously removed material. This process is repeated until the desired level of mineral extraction is achieved.

Kaevand mines are typically used in areas where the mineral deposits are close to the surface or where the geology of the area is favorable for open-pit mining. This method of mining can be less ecologically hazardous than some other forms of mining, as it typically does not require the use of heavy machinery to tunnel underground. However, it can also be more visible and can impact the surrounding environment.

Kaevand mining is practiced in various parts of the world, including Europe and Asia. The specific geology and regulations of each region can influence the type of mining operations that are undertaken and the level of environmental impact that is permitted. Despite the environmental concerns associated with kaevand mining, it remains a widely used and effective method for extracting minerals from the earth's surface.