Kachin

Kachin is the term used for an ethnic group in northern Myanmar, commonly called the Kachin or Jingphaw. It also refers to the Kachin language or languages and to Kachin State, the region they inhabit. The Kachin are one of Myanmar's largest northern ethnic groups and comprise several subgroups with related cultural traits.

Geography: The Kachin homeland lies in Kachin State, which borders China to the north. The area is hilly and forested, with several major rivers. The state capital is Myitkyina. The Kachin diaspora is present across Myanmar and abroad.

Language and culture: Kachin languages belong to the Tibeto-Burman family, with Jingpho as the most widely spoken. Kachin social organization is traditionally village-based with clan lineages. Religious affiliation is diverse: many Kachin are Christians (notably Protestants), while others follow Buddhism or traditional beliefs.

History and politics: The Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) and its armed wing, the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), formed in the 1960s to pursue regional autonomy. A ceasefire was reached in 1994, but armed conflict resumed in 2011, triggering displacement and humanitarian need. Since then, negotiations and ceasefire talks have continued alongside regional security operations.

Economy and current issues: The region is known for jade mining, particularly around Hpakant, along with agriculture and forestry. Conflict, displacement, and governance challenges have affected development, with ongoing efforts by various parties to secure political settlements and humanitarian access.