Kaamosmasennus

Kaamosmasennus, also known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) during winter months, is a mood disorder that affects people in regions with prolonged periods of darkness. It is thought to be linked to disruptions in the body's internal clock, or circadian rhythm, due to reduced exposure to natural light. This lack of light can affect the brain's production of melatonin, a hormone that influences sleep patterns, and serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation.

Symptoms of kaamosmasennus typically begin in the autumn and subside in the spring. Common signs include persistent sadness, low energy, increased need for sleep, changes in appetite, difficulty concentrating, and social withdrawal. While some individuals experience mild mood changes, others can suffer from severe depression that significantly impacts their daily functioning.

Diagnosis usually involves a review of symptoms and their timing relative to the seasons. Treatment options often include light therapy, where individuals are exposed to a bright light box for a set period each day. Antidepressant medications, particularly those that affect serotonin levels, may also be prescribed. Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, engaging in physical activity, and seeking social support, can also be beneficial. Prevention strategies focus on maximizing light exposure during daylight hours and maintaining a healthy lifestyle throughout the darker months.