Káliumhiány

Káliumhiány, also known as hypokalemia, is a medical condition characterized by abnormally low levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including nerve signal transmission, muscle contractions, and maintaining proper heart rhythm.

The most common causes of hypokalemia include excessive loss of potassium through the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, or skin. Diuretic medications, often prescribed for conditions like high blood pressure and heart failure, are a frequent culprit for potassium loss via the kidneys. Vomiting and diarrhea can also lead to significant potassium depletion. Certain hormonal imbalances, such as hyperaldosteronism, can also contribute to low potassium levels. Inadequate dietary intake of potassium is a less common cause in individuals with healthy kidneys.

Symptoms of hypokalemia can vary depending on the severity of the deficiency. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. However, as potassium levels drop, individuals may experience muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, and constipation. In more severe instances, hypokalemia can lead to abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), paralysis, and even respiratory distress.

Diagnosis is typically made through a blood test that measures serum potassium levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the deficiency and replenishing potassium levels. This can involve dietary adjustments to increase potassium intake, oral potassium supplements, or in severe cases, intravenous potassium administration. Regular monitoring of potassium levels is often necessary, especially for individuals with chronic conditions or those taking medications that can affect potassium balance.