Järntrafik

Järntrafik (rail transport) refers to the movement of people and goods by rail on iron rails. It includes intercity, regional, and commuter passenger services, freight transport, and, where applicable, urban rail networks such as trams or metros.

Infrastructure and operations: The rail network is typically owned or managed by a public authority. In Sweden, Trafikverket oversees tracks, stations, and signaling, coordinates capacity, and approves timetables. Rolling stock comprises locomotives, multiple units, passenger coaches, and freight wagons, powered by electricity or diesel.

History and regulation: Railways emerged in the 19th century. In Sweden, the state-owned SJ operated passengers for much of the 20th century. Deregulation in the 1990s opened services to competition, introducing private operators alongside SJ.

Technology and standards: Main lines use standard gauge (1435 mm). Electrification in Sweden is 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC on most electrified routes; some lines remain diesel. Signaling is transitioning toward ETCS as part of European rail interoperability.

Today’s landscape: Major passenger services are provided by SJ and numerous regional and private operators such as MTR Express and Snälltåget. Freight is served by operators including Green Cargo and DB Cargo Scandinavia.

Significance and challenges: Rail is relatively energy-efficient and helps reduce road congestion and emissions. Ongoing investments target capacity, reliability, and modernization of signaling and cross-border interoperability.