Jännitejakajalle

Jännitejakajalle, known in English as a voltage divider, is a simple passive linear circuit that produces an output voltage (Vout) that is a fraction of its input voltage (Vin). It is formed by two or more resistors connected in series across a voltage source. The output voltage is taken across one of the resistors.

The most basic voltage divider consists of two resistors, R1 and R2, connected in series. If the input voltage Vin is applied across the series combination, and the output voltage Vout is taken across R2, then the relationship between Vin and Vout is given by the voltage divider formula: Vout = Vin * (R2 / (R1 + R2)). This formula shows that Vout is directly proportional to Vin and the ratio of R2 to the total resistance.

Voltage dividers are widely used in electronics for several purposes. They can be used to reduce a high voltage to a lower voltage, to create a reference voltage, or to interface signals between circuits with different voltage levels. They are also used in sensor applications, where the resistance of a component (like a thermistor or photoresistor) changes with an external condition, thus altering the output voltage of the divider.

However, voltage dividers have limitations. They are not efficient for power delivery, as current is always drawn through the resistors, leading to power loss. Also, the output voltage of a simple voltage divider can be affected by the load connected to it. If the load has a resistance significantly lower than R2, it will draw current and effectively lower the output voltage. For applications requiring a stable output voltage under varying load conditions, a voltage regulator is a more suitable solution.