Jorddammar

Jorddammar, also known as earth dams or earthen dams, are a type of dam constructed primarily from compacted soil. They are one of the oldest and most common types of dams, built for various purposes including water storage for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation. The construction involves excavating and transporting large volumes of soil, which is then placed in layers and compacted to achieve the necessary strength and impermeability.

The design of an earth dam typically includes an impermeable core, often made of clay or a mixture of clay and sand, to prevent water from seeping through. This core is usually surrounded by a shell of more pervious material, such as gravel or sand, which provides structural support. The upstream face is often protected with riprap, a layer of large stones, to prevent erosion from wave action. The downstream face is typically covered with vegetation to prevent erosion from rainfall.

The stability of an earth dam relies on the internal friction of the soil materials and the proper compaction of the fill. Thorough geotechnical investigations are crucial before construction to understand the soil properties of the site and to select appropriate construction materials. Earth dams are generally considered safe and cost-effective for many applications, especially where suitable soil materials are readily available. However, they require regular inspection and maintenance to ensure their long-term integrity and performance.