Jewels

Jewels are valued materials used in adornment and ornament. The term covers natural gemstones, lab-grown stones, and some organic substances such as pearls, coral, amber, and jet. Jewels are cut, faceted, or shaped to enhance their color and brilliance, and may be set in metal to form jewelry. Market and scientific terminology distinguish between authentic stones, synthetics, and treated stones, with varying implications for value and care.

Common gemstones include diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, opals, and quartz varieties, as well as organic gems like pearls. Diamonds are renowned for hardness and dispersion; corundum varieties (rubies and sapphires) owe color to trace elements. Emeralds are green beryl often treated to improve clarity. Opals display play of color; pearls form biologically. Stones are valued for color, clarity, cut, and carat weight or other measures.

Grading usually relies on four criteria for diamonds: color, clarity, cut, and carat. For other gems, color saturation, hue, transparency, and luster are critical; some stones are known for optical effects. Lab-grown variants are chemically identical to their natural counterparts but typically cost less and have different supply considerations. Treatments and coatings can alter appearance and durability and should be disclosed.

Sourcing considerations include mining ethics and conflict-free supply chains; the Kimberley Process addresses rough diamonds. Consumers increasingly seek responsibly produced and lab-grown stones. The jewelry market values provenance and certification from reputable gemological laboratories.

Care and maintenance depend on the material. Most gems are cleaned with mild soap and water; avoid harsh chemicals and impact. Store stones separately to prevent scratching, and have jewelry inspected periodically for setting security and stone integrity.