Jaotuvvõrkud

Jaotuvvõrkud, also known as distribution networks, are the part of an electrical power system that carries electricity from transmission substations to end-users. These networks are typically operated at lower voltages than the high-voltage transmission lines. The primary purpose of a jaotuvvõrk is to step down the voltage from transmission levels to a usable level for residential, commercial, and industrial consumers.

A typical jaotuvvõrk consists of overhead power lines and underground cables, supported by poles and towers. It includes substations that house transformers and switching equipment. Transformers are crucial components, reducing the voltage gradually. For instance, transmission lines might carry electricity at hundreds of thousands of volts, which are then stepped down to tens of thousands of volts at a primary substation. This is further reduced to a few thousand volts for distribution to local areas, and finally to the standard voltages used in homes and businesses, such as 230 volts in many parts of the world.

The infrastructure of a jaotuvvõrk also incorporates safety features like circuit breakers and fuses to protect against overloads and short circuits. Additionally, it includes devices for voltage regulation to ensure a stable and consistent power supply. The design and maintenance of jaotuvvõrkud are critical for reliable electricity delivery, with ongoing efforts to improve efficiency, reduce power losses, and integrate renewable energy sources. These networks are essential for the daily functioning of modern society.