Jaotuvvõrgud

Jaotuvvõrgud, also known as distributed networks, are systems where components are spread across multiple computers that communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages. This contrasts with centralized systems where control and data reside in a single location. The key characteristic of a jaotuvvõrk is that no single point of failure exists; if one component fails, the others can often continue to function. This inherent resilience makes them suitable for applications requiring high availability and fault tolerance.

The architecture of a jaotuvvõrk can vary significantly. Common models include client-server, peer-to-peer, and hybrid approaches. In a client-server model, dedicated servers provide resources to multiple clients. In a peer-to-peer network, all nodes can act as both clients and servers, sharing resources directly with each other. Hybrid models combine elements of both. Communication in jaotuvvõrgud typically relies on network protocols, with TCP/IP being a foundational suite for most modern distributed systems.

Advantages of jaotuvvõrgud include scalability, as more resources can be added to the network to handle increased load, and cost-effectiveness, as it can be more economical to use multiple smaller machines than one large supercomputer. They also facilitate resource sharing and collaboration. However, designing and managing jaotuvvõrgud can be complex, requiring careful consideration of issues such as concurrency, data consistency, and security across distributed components. Examples of jaotuvvõrgud range from the internet itself to large-scale cloud computing platforms and blockchain technologies.