Jafnarvélar

Jafnarvélar, often translated as leveling machines or shapers, are machine tools used to produce flat surfaces. They operate by removing material from a workpiece with a single-point cutting tool that moves in a reciprocating motion. This contrasts with milling machines, where the cutting tool rotates. Jafnarvélar are typically used for medium to large workpieces where a high degree of flatness and accuracy is required.

The primary components of a jafnarvél include a bed that supports the workpiece, a table that moves horizontally, a saddle that supports the table and moves vertically, and a ram that holds the cutting tool and moves horizontally. The cutting stroke is the forward motion of the ram where the tool removes material, while the return stroke is the backward motion where the tool is lifted clear of the workpiece. The length of the cutting stroke can be adjusted to match the workpiece dimensions.

Jafnarvélar are categorized into several types based on their design and how the cutting action is achieved. Planer-type jafnarvélar have a stationary cutting head and a moving table, while shaper-type jafnarvélar have a moving cutting head and a stationary table. Different types of shapers include horizontal shapers, vertical shapers (also known as slotters), and universal shapers. These machines are essential in workshops for tasks such as creating mating surfaces for machine parts, cutting keyways, and producing flat dies and molds.