Jännitevaihtelut

Jännitevaihtelut refers to fluctuations or variations in electrical voltage. These variations can occur in AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) systems, though the nature and impact differ. In AC systems, voltage is inherently sinusoidal and changes direction periodically. However, jännitevaihtelut can also refer to deviations from the nominal or expected voltage level within that waveform. These can include sags (dips), swells (surges), transients (short-duration spikes or drops), and harmonics (unwanted frequencies added to the fundamental waveform).

In DC systems, voltage is ideally constant. Jännitevaihtelut in DC circuits are typically caused by factors such as the load changing, power supply instability, or issues with battery charging and discharging. Common manifestations include ripple (small AC variations superimposed on the DC voltage) and transient voltage changes when a load is switched on or off.

The causes of jännitevaihtelut are diverse. They can originate from the power generation and distribution grid, such as the switching of large industrial loads, faults in the network, or renewable energy source intermittency. Within a building or facility, they can be caused by the activation of high-power appliances, faulty wiring, or electromagnetic interference. Sensitive electronic equipment, like computers, medical devices, and precision manufacturing tools, can be particularly susceptible to the negative effects of voltage fluctuations. These effects can range from minor operational disruptions to permanent damage. Mitigation strategies include using voltage regulators, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), surge protectors, and proper power conditioning.