Itsemäärittely

Itsemäärittely, a Finnish term, translates to self-determination. It refers to the principle that peoples have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and their political, economic, cultural, and social development. This concept is fundamental in international law and is enshrined in various international covenants, including the UN Charter and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

The principle of self-determination is often invoked in contexts of decolonization, national liberation movements, and the rights of indigenous peoples. It asserts that a group of people, usually defined by a shared culture, language, history, or territory, has the right to govern themselves without external interference. This can manifest in various ways, from full independence to autonomy within a larger state.

However, the practical application of itsemäärittely can be complex. Defining who constitutes a "people" entitled to self-determination can be contentious, and there are ongoing debates about the balance between this right and the territorial integrity of existing states. International practice has evolved, and while the right to self-determination is widely recognized, its implications for secession or the creation of new states are subject to careful consideration and are not automatically granted. The principle aims to promote peace and justice by allowing distinct groups to control their own destinies.