Isotópigeokémia

Isotópigeokémia is the study of the isotopic composition of elements in geological materials. It utilizes the subtle differences in mass between isotopes of the same element to trace geological processes. Different isotopes of an element behave chemically in almost identical ways, but their mass differences cause them to fractionate, or separate, during physical and chemical processes such as weathering, melting, and precipitation. This fractionation leaves a characteristic isotopic signature in rocks, minerals, and fluids.

By measuring the ratios of different isotopes, such as oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 or carbon-13 to carbon-12, scientists can gain insights into the origin and history of geological materials. For instance, the isotopic composition of water can reveal its source and the temperature at which it precipitated. Similarly, the isotopic ratios in ancient sediments can provide information about past climates and the evolution of life.

Isotópigeokémia is applied in various fields, including geochemistry, paleoclimatology, and resource exploration. It helps in understanding the Earth's formation and evolution, tracking the movement of fluids in the subsurface, and identifying the origin of mineral deposits. The precise measurements of isotopic ratios, often performed using mass spectrometry, are crucial for unlocking the secrets hidden within geological samples.