Ischämie

Ischämie is a medical term describing a restriction in blood supply to any organ or part of the body. This lack of blood flow causes a shortage of oxygen and nutrients that the affected tissue needs to stay alive. Ischämie can affect any part of the body, but it is most commonly associated with the heart, brain, and limbs.

The most common cause of ischämie is atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow. Other causes include blood clots, vasospasm (a sudden tightening of blood vessels), and external compression of blood vessels.

Symptoms of ischämie vary depending on the affected area. For example, cardiac ischämie can lead to chest pain (angina), while cerebral ischämie can cause stroke-like symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking. Limb ischämie may present as pain, cramping, or coolness in the affected limb.

If left untreated, ischämie can lead to serious complications, including tissue death (infarction), organ damage, and even death. Diagnosis typically involves medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as angiography or ultrasound. Treatment aims to restore blood flow and may include medications to dissolve clots, lifestyle changes, or surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery.