Integraaliens

Integraaliens, also known as Integralists, are a group of individuals who advocate for the restoration of traditional social, cultural, and political values, often drawing from historical precedents and religious teachings. The term "integraal" is derived from the Latin word "integral," which means whole or complete. Integralists typically emphasize the importance of community, family, and personal virtue, often in contrast to modern secular and liberal values.

The origins of Integralism can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with figures such as José Maria de Eça de Queirós and José de Castro playing significant roles in its development. These early Integralists sought to preserve and promote traditional Portuguese culture and values, often in opposition to the perceived influences of liberalism and modernism.

Throughout the 20th century, Integralism has had various manifestations and influences in different countries. In Portugal, the Estado Novo regime, which ruled from 1933 to 1974, was influenced by Integralist ideas, although it was not an Integralist movement in the strictest sense. In Brazil, Integralism has been associated with various political and social movements, including the Integralist Action party, which was founded in 1932.

Today, Integralism continues to be a subject of interest and debate, with some viewing it as a reactionary movement and others seeing it as a defense of traditional values. The movement's influence can be seen in various cultural and political contexts, although it is not as prominent as it once was. Integralists often emphasize the importance of education, family, and community, and they may advocate for policies that they believe will promote these values. However, their views and actions can vary widely, and they are not united by a single ideology or set of beliefs.