Instrukciófelvétel

Instrukciófelvétel, also known as instruction fetch, is a fundamental process in the execution of instructions by a computer's central processing unit (CPU). It is the first step in the instruction cycle, which is the sequence of operations that the CPU performs to execute a single instruction. The instruction fetch process involves retrieving an instruction from the computer's memory and loading it into the CPU's instruction register.

The process begins with the CPU obtaining the address of the next instruction to be executed. This address is typically stored in the program counter (PC), a special register within the CPU. The CPU then uses this address to access the memory unit, where the instructions are stored. The memory unit retrieves the instruction at the specified address and sends it back to the CPU.

Once the instruction is received, it is loaded into the instruction register, a special register within the CPU that holds the current instruction being executed. The instruction register is then decoded by the CPU's control unit, which determines the type of operation to be performed and the operands involved.

The instruction fetch process is crucial for the proper functioning of a computer system, as it ensures that instructions are executed in the correct order and that the CPU has access to the necessary data. It is also a key component of the instruction cycle, which includes the decode, execute, and write-back stages. The efficiency of the instruction fetch process can significantly impact the overall performance of a computer system, as it determines how quickly instructions can be retrieved and executed.