Innsprøytningsdysene

Innsprøytningsdysene, or fuel injectors, are critical components in internal combustion engines, both gasoline and diesel. Their primary function is to precisely deliver fuel into the engine's combustion chamber or intake manifold at the right time and in the correct atomized form. This atomization is crucial for efficient combustion, leading to optimal power output and reduced emissions.

In gasoline engines, port fuel injection (PFI) systems spray fuel into the intake manifold, where it mixes with incoming air before entering the cylinder. More modern direct injection (GDI) systems inject fuel directly into the combustion chamber, allowing for greater control over the air-fuel mixture and improved efficiency. Diesel engines exclusively use direct injection, where fuel is sprayed under very high pressure directly into the cylinder, igniting solely from the heat of compressed air.

The design of an injector involves a nozzle with one or more tiny holes, an electromagnetic valve or a mechanical plunger mechanism, and a fuel inlet. When an electrical signal is sent to the injector (in electronic fuel injection systems), it opens for a specific duration, allowing fuel to flow through. The precise control of this duration, known as pulse width, dictates the amount of fuel injected.

Modern injectors are highly sophisticated, capable of multiple injections per combustion cycle to further refine the combustion process, minimize noise, and reduce pollutant formation. Their reliability and precise operation are fundamental to the performance, fuel economy, and environmental compliance of contemporary engines.