Infuusiota

Infuusiota refers to intravenous infusion therapy, the controlled introduction of fluids, medications, or nutrients into the bloodstream, typically via a vein. The procedure is used to hydrate patients, administer drugs not suitable for oral intake, correct electrolyte imbalances, provide nutrition via parenteral routes, or transfuse blood products.

Technique and equipment: Access is achieved with a peripheral venous cannula or a central venous catheter, depending on duration and the irritancy of substances. Infusion sets connect the venous access to bags or bottles containing saline, glucose solutions, medications, or total parenteral nutrition. Rates are controlled by gravity or, more commonly today, by an infusion pump to deliver continuous or intermittent infusions.

Safety and monitoring: Aseptic technique is essential to prevent infection. Clinicians check drug compatibility, calculate correct dosages, and monitor the rate and patient response. Complications include infiltration or phlebitis at the insertion site, infection, air embolism, volume overload, electrolyte disturbances, and reactions to infused medications.

History and context: Intravenous infusion therapy began in the 19th century, with early experiments during cholera outbreaks such as those by Thomas Latta. Modern practice developed with advances in sterile technique, vascular access, and infusion technology throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, expanding the range of fluids and drugs that can be delivered intravenously.