Infinitivnebensätze

Infinitivnebensätze, often translated as infinitive clauses, are subordinate clauses in German that use an infinitive verb. They are typically introduced by "zu" and express various meanings depending on the context. These clauses often function as the object or complement of the main verb. For example, "Ich habe vor, nach Hause zu gehen" contains an infinitivnebensatz "nach Hause zu gehen," indicating an intention.

Another common use is after verbs expressing desire, intention, permission, or obligation, such as "wollen," "können," "dürfen," "müssen," "sollen," "lassen," "sehen," "hören," and "fühlen." In these cases, "zu" is often omitted. For instance, "Ich sehe ihn kommen" uses an infinitive without "zu."

Infinitivnebensätze can also follow certain nouns and adjectives. For example, "Es ist schwer, diese Aufgabe zu lösen" shows an infinitive clause following an adjective. Similarly, nouns like "die Absicht" or "die Möglichkeit" can be followed by such clauses.

The structure generally involves the infinitive verb at the end of the clause, often preceded by "zu." When pronouns or adverbs are present, they typically appear before the infinitive. These clauses are crucial for expressing nuanced meanings and connecting ideas smoothly in German sentences. They add a level of complexity and idiomatic expression to the language.