Infinitiivivormid

Infinitiivivormid is Estonian terminology for the non-finite verb forms that name actions without signaling time, person, or mood. In Estonian there are two main infinitive forms: the ma-infinitive and the da-ta infinitive. Both forms can function as the basis of clauses or as nouns, but they appear in different syntactic contexts and with different nuances.

Formation and basic characteristics

- Ma-infinitive: formed by adding the suffix -ma to the verb stem. It is the more productive and widely used infinitive in everyday language and in many non-finite constructions. It also serves as the basis for nominalized forms such as the verb-noun with the suffix -mine, for example indicating the act of performing the action.

- Da-ta infinitive: formed by adding -da or -ta to the stem, with phonological adjustments in some verbs. This form exists alongside the ma-infinitive and is used in a more limited set of contexts or with certain verbs where the da-ta form is preferred or required.

Usage and distinctions

- Both forms are non-finite and do not convey tense or explicit subject. They can appear in non-finite clauses, after certain auxiliary or modal-like constructions, or as part of verbal noun phrases.

- The ma-infinitive is the default choice in many constructions, especially those expressing purpose, obligation, or intention, and it is the form most often taught to learners.

- The da-ta infinitive appears in a subset of verbs or syntactic contexts and may carry distinct lexical nuance or become preferred due to the verb's lexical properties.

Nominalization and related forms

- The ma-infinitive commonly yields noun-like derivatives with -mine (the act of doing X). The da-ta form may participate in verbal phrases but is less frequently turned into common nominal forms.

See also: Estonian grammar, non-finite verb forms, verbs.