Infekti

Infekti, or infection, refers to the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, often triggering an immune response and damage. Infections can affect any organ and range from asymptomatic colonization to severe, life-threatening disease. The causal agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Transmission occurs through various routes, including direct contact, respiratory droplets, contaminated water or food, vectors such as insects, and healthcare-related exposure. The likelihood and outcome depend on the pathogen's virulence, the dose, and the host's immune status.

Pathogenesis and symptoms vary by site. Local infections cause site-specific signs (redness, swelling, pain), while systemic infections may produce fever, weakness, and organ dysfunction. Some infections remain latent or asymptomatic until immune changes reveal them.

Diagnosis combines clinical evaluation with laboratory tests, such as cultures, microscopy, molecular assays (PCR), and imaging when needed. Early diagnosis supports appropriate treatment and helps limit transmission.

Treatment relies on antimicrobial therapy targeted to the pathogen, along with supportive care. Antimicrobial stewardship helps reduce resistance. Prevention focuses on vaccination, hygiene, safe food and water, infection control, and risk-based measures to protect vulnerable populations.