Impulsioturbiineja

Impulsioturbiineja, often translated as impulse turbines, are a type of turbomachine where the working fluid's pressure remains constant as it passes through the turbine rotor. Instead, the fluid's velocity is increased before entering the rotor, and this kinetic energy is then converted into mechanical work by the rotor. The flow of fluid is typically directed through nozzles, which accelerate the fluid and direct it onto the turbine blades at an optimal angle.

The fundamental principle of an impulse turbine is the change in momentum of the fluid. As the high-velocity fluid strikes the curved blades of the rotor, its direction of flow is altered. This change in direction, or momentum, results in a force exerted on the blades, causing the rotor to spin. The pressure of the fluid drops in the stationary nozzles, not within the rotating blades themselves.

A classic example of an impulse turbine is the Pelton turbine, commonly used in hydroelectric power generation for high head, low flow applications. In a Pelton turbine, a high-speed jet of water is directed against a series of buckets mounted on the periphery of a wheel. Other types of impulse turbines exist, and the specific design can vary depending on the application and the properties of the working fluid, which can be steam, gas, or liquid. The efficiency of an impulse turbine is largely dependent on matching the fluid's velocity to the peripheral speed of the rotor.