Immunosupresan

Immunosupresan, also known as immunosuppressive drugs, are medications that reduce the activity of the body's immune system. This is achieved by interfering with the function of various immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, or by suppressing the production of antibodies and cytokines.

These drugs are primarily used to prevent the immune system from rejecting transplanted organs, such as kidneys, hearts, and livers. After a transplant, the recipient's immune system naturally identifies the new organ as foreign and attempts to attack it. Immunosuppresants dampen this response, allowing the transplanted organ to be accepted by the body.

Beyond transplantation, immunosuppresants are also utilized in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In these conditions, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Examples of autoimmune diseases treated with immunosuppressants include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease. By suppressing the overactive immune response, these medications help to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

The use of immunosuppresants comes with significant risks. A weakened immune system makes individuals more susceptible to infections, including bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. Therefore, patients on these medications require careful monitoring and may need prophylactic treatments to prevent infections. Other potential side effects can vary depending on the specific drug and may include kidney problems, high blood pressure, and an increased risk of certain cancers. The choice of immunosuppressant and its dosage are carefully managed by healthcare professionals to balance therapeutic benefits with potential risks.