Immunohisztokémiai

Immunohisztokémiai is a laboratory technique used to visualize the distribution and localization of specific antigens within biological tissues. It combines the principles of immunology and microscopy. The process involves using antibodies, which are proteins that specifically bind to target antigens. These antibodies are typically labeled with a detectable marker, such as an enzyme or a fluorescent dye. When applied to a tissue sample, the labeled antibodies bind to their corresponding antigens. The presence and location of the antigen are then revealed by visualizing the marker. Enzymatic markers, for instance, react with a substrate to produce a colored precipitate at the site of antigen-antibody binding, which can be observed under a light microscope. Fluorescent markers emit light of a specific color when excited by a particular wavelength of light, allowing for visualization with a fluorescence microscope. Immunohisztokémiai is widely used in research and diagnostics, particularly in pathology, to identify specific cell types, detect disease markers like cancer-related proteins, and study cellular processes and protein expression patterns within tissue architecture. It provides spatial information that can be crucial for understanding biological function and disease mechanisms.