Immunohistokemiallinen

Immunohistokemiallinen refers to a histological technique that uses antibodies to detect specific antigens in tissue samples. This method allows for the visualization of the distribution and localization of proteins and other molecules within cells and tissues. The process involves applying a specific antibody that binds to the target antigen. This antibody is typically conjugated to a detectable label, such as an enzyme or a fluorescent marker. When the antibody binds to the antigen, the label emits a signal that can be visualized under a microscope.

The primary application of immunohistochemistry is in the diagnosis and research of diseases, particularly cancer. It helps pathologists determine the origin of tumors, identify specific cellular markers that can guide treatment decisions, and assess the prognosis of a patient. For example, certain breast cancer markers, like HER2, are routinely detected using immunohistochemistry to tailor therapy. Beyond oncology, immunohistochemistry is used in diagnosing infectious diseases, neurological disorders, and autoimmune conditions, as well as in fundamental biological research to understand cellular processes and protein expression patterns. The accuracy and specificity of the technique depend heavily on the quality of the antibody and the optimization of the staining protocol.