Immunizálásról

Immunizálásról, or immunization, is a process that makes a person immune or resistant to an infectious disease. This is typically achieved by administering a vaccine, which stimulates the body's immune system to recognize and fight off specific pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Vaccines contain weakened or inactivated forms of the pathogen, or specific components of it, such as proteins or genetic material. When introduced into the body, these do not cause the disease but are recognized by the immune system as foreign. This triggers an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies and memory cells. These memory cells remain in the body, ready to mount a rapid and effective defense if the person is exposed to the actual pathogen in the future. Immunization is a cornerstone of public health, having dramatically reduced the incidence and mortality of many infectious diseases worldwide. It protects not only the vaccinated individual but also contributes to herd immunity, where a sufficiently high proportion of the population is immune, thereby reducing the spread of disease to those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants or individuals with compromised immune systems. Common routes of administration for vaccines include injection, oral ingestion, or nasal spray. The effectiveness and safety of vaccines are rigorously tested and monitored by health authorities.