Ilmatutka

Ilmatutka, also known as the "weather balloon," is an instrument used for meteorological observations. It consists of a balloon filled with a gas, typically hydrogen or helium, which carries an instrument package called a radiosonde. The radiosonde measures various atmospheric parameters, including temperature, humidity, and air pressure, as it ascends through the atmosphere. The data collected is transmitted back to a ground station via radio signals, allowing meteorologists to analyze and forecast weather conditions.

Weather balloons are launched from weather stations around the world, typically twice a day, at 00:00 and 12:00 UTC. The balloons can reach altitudes of up to 30 kilometers (19 miles) before bursting due to the decreasing atmospheric pressure. The instrument package, which includes the radiosonde and a parachute, descends back to the ground using the parachute, ensuring its safe recovery.

Ilmatutka is an essential tool for weather forecasting and climate research. It provides valuable data on the vertical structure of the atmosphere, which is crucial for understanding and predicting weather patterns. The information gathered from weather balloons helps meteorologists to improve the accuracy of weather forecasts, monitor severe weather events, and study long-term climate trends.