Ilmalämpötila

Ilmalämpötila, or air temperature, is a fundamental meteorological variable that measures the warmth or coldness of the air. It is typically expressed in degrees Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F). Air temperature is influenced by various factors, including solar radiation, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. It plays a crucial role in weather forecasting, climate studies, and everyday life, affecting activities such as outdoor recreation, agriculture, and energy consumption.

Air temperature is measured using thermometers, which can be of different types, such as mercury, alcohol, or digital thermometers. These instruments are placed in standardized locations, typically in the shade and at a height of about 1.25 to 2 meters above the ground, to ensure consistency in measurements. The most common method of measuring air temperature is through the use of a thermometer placed in a Stevenson screen, a white-painted wooden box that helps to protect the thermometer from direct sunlight and precipitation.

Air temperature varies significantly with altitude, latitude, and time of day. It generally decreases with increasing altitude due to the decrease in atmospheric pressure and the corresponding decrease in the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the air. Latitude also plays a role, with temperatures typically being higher near the equator and lower near the poles. Diurnal variations, or changes in temperature throughout the day, are influenced by the Earth's rotation and the angle of the sun's rays.

Air temperature is a key indicator of weather patterns and climate trends. It is used in various applications, including weather forecasting, climate modeling, and environmental monitoring. Understanding air temperature is essential for predicting weather events, assessing climate change impacts, and developing strategies for adaptation and mitigation.