Ilangilang

Ilang-ilang, also known as ylang-ylang, is the common name for Cananga odorata, a tropical flowering tree in the Annonaceae family. Native to the tropical regions of Southeast Asia, including the Philippines and Indonesia, it is widely cultivated for its highly scented blossoms, which yield the essential oil used in perfumery.

The tree is evergreen and grows as a medium to tall specimen in tropical climates. Leaves are glossy and oblong; flowers appear in clusters and are pale yellow to greenish, opening to reveal a heady, sweet fragrance that intensifies at night. The plant tolerates a range of soils but prefers warm, humid conditions with good drainage.

Distribution and cultivation: Cananga odorata is native to Asia but is now cultivated throughout the tropics, with major production in Madagascar, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, and surrounding countries. It thrives in full sun to partial shade and typically begins producing flowers several years after planting.

Oil production and uses: Fresh flowers are steam-distilled to produce ylang-ylang essential oil. The oil is often sold in fractions—extra, first, second, and third (or final)—each with distinct aroma characteristics and price. In perfumery, ylang-ylang is valued as a heart- or base-note, providing a sweet, floral, and balsamic character. It is also used in cosmetics and aromatherapy.

Etymology and cultural note: In Filipino and other languages, the tree is commonly called ilang-ilang, reflecting its distinctive scent. The plant is a notable crop in tropical agriculture and is widely associated with tropical fragrance in global products.