IPNV

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, or IPNV, is a double-stranded RNA virus that infects several species of fish, primarily salmonids and some species of marine fish. It is a member of the Birnaviridae family. IPNV causes a highly contagious disease known as infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), which can lead to significant mortality, especially in young fish.

The virus is widespread globally and is a major concern for aquaculture operations. IPNV can be transmitted horizontally through the water and vertically from infected broodstock to their offspring. The disease typically manifests as anorexia, erratic swimming, and darkened skin in affected fish. Internally, characteristic lesions include pale and swollen pancreas, and a distended intestine.

Diagnosis of IPNV relies on clinical signs, histopathology, and specific laboratory tests such as virus isolation, RT-PCR, or antigen detection assays. There is no specific antiviral treatment for IPNV. Management strategies focus on biosecurity measures to prevent introduction and spread, as well as selective breeding for resistance. Vaccination is also an option in some regions, though efficacy can vary depending on the virus strain and vaccine used. Control and eradication programs are crucial for maintaining the health of farmed fish populations and preventing economic losses in the aquaculture industry.