IL22R1

IL22R1, also known as IL-22 receptor subunit alpha-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL22RA1 gene. This gene is part of the IL-10 receptor gene family and plays a crucial role in the immune system. IL22R1 forms a heterodimeric receptor complex with IL10RB (interleukin-10 receptor, subunit beta) to create the functional receptor for interleukin-22 (IL-22). IL-22 is a cytokine involved in various immune responses, particularly in barrier tissues like the skin, gut, and lungs. The IL22R1 subunit is essential for binding IL-22 and initiating downstream signaling pathways.

The expression of IL22R1 is primarily found on non-hematopoietic cells, including epithelial cells, stromal cells, and hepatocytes. This distribution highlights the role of IL-22 and its receptor in mediating immune responses at sites of potential pathogen entry and tissue damage. Upon binding of IL-22 to the IL22R1/IL10RB complex, the receptor phosphorylates and activates the STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) family of transcription factors, particularly STAT3. This activation leads to the induction of genes involved in inflammation, tissue repair, and host defense mechanisms. IL22R1 is therefore critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to infection and injury. Dysregulation of IL22R1 signaling has been implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.