ICRC

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a principal body of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Its mandate is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflict and internal violence, and to provide relief while promoting and strengthening international humanitarian law (IHL).

Founded in 1863 in response to the Battle of Solferino, the ICRC was established by Henry Dunant and Gustave Moynier, with other Swiss supporters. It created a permanent mechanism to care for wounded soldiers and later contributed to the development of the Geneva Conventions, which codify protections for civilians and combatants in wartime.

Operations and approach: The ICRC acts independently of governments, adhering to neutrality and impartiality. It negotiates access with warring parties, engages in confidential dialogue to protect civilians and detainees, and provides medical care, food, water, and shelter. It also conducts prisoner visits, supports healthcare facilities, and assists with family reunification and person-to-person tracing.

Structure and funding: The ICRC is a non-governmental organization with a special status within the Red Cross Movement, closely linked with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies. It is funded by private donations and government contributions, among other sources, and maintains offices worldwide.

Recognition: The ICRC has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1917 and 1944, and jointly with the League of Red Cross Societies in 1963, for its humanitarian work.