IAU

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) is a non-governmental organization of professional astronomers that aims to promote and safeguard the science of astronomy through international collaboration. Founded in 1919, the IAU coordinates research, education, and the development of shared standards across the global astronomical community. Its members include national astronomical societies and individual professional astronomers; governance is organized through divisions and commissions that cover observational astronomy, theoretical astrophysics, instrumentation, and education, among other fields. The IAU holds General Assemblies every three years, providing a forum for scientists to present results, establish policies, and discuss international projects.

One of the IAU's central roles is to act as the international authority for astronomical nomenclature and standards. It approves names for planets, moons, asteroids, and surface features, and it promulgates guidelines for naming conventions and for the classification of celestial objects. It also coordinates data and naming responsibilities through the Minor Planet Center and related bodies under its supervision, and it fosters international collaboration in astronomical research and data sharing.

Historically notable actions include the 2006 decision redefining the criteria for planethood, which reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet. The IAU also supports education and outreach programs, observatory networks, and the development of international observing campaigns.

Headquartered in Paris, the IAU operates under a rotating leadership and a Secretariat that administers its activities between General Assemblies, working with member unions to advance astronomy worldwide.