IACUC

IACUC stands for Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. It is a local committee that oversees the humane care and use of animals in research, teaching, and testing within an institution. IACUCs operate in many countries, but in the United States they are mandated by federal law and policy.

In the U.S., oversight is required by the Animal Welfare Act and the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Institutions receiving federal funds must establish an IACUC, conduct ongoing program reviews, and allow inspections of facilities and procedures. IACUCs are responsible for ensuring compliance with the 3Rs: replacement, reduction, and refinement.

An IACUC typically consists of at least five members, including a veterinarian with relevant professional experience, a scientist experienced in animal use, a non-scientist, and a member unaffiliated with the institution. Additional members may be appointed to ensure diverse perspectives. Members are appointed by the institution and serve staggered terms.

The core duty is to review and approve or modify all proposed activities involving vertebrate animals to ensure humane treatment and scientific necessity. This includes evaluating the protocol’s justification, procedures to minimize pain and distress, anesthesia and analgesia plans, housing and husbandry, and alternatives to animal use. IACUCs conduct ongoing oversight through annual reviews, semiannual facility inspections, and post-approval monitoring. They ensure personnel training and veterinary oversight, maintain records, and report adverse events.

Compliance: If an activity is found noncompliant, the IACUC can suspend or require corrective actions. Institutions must report to the appropriate regulating bodies (e.g., OLAW for PHS-funded work and USDA for AWA-regulated activities) and follow corrective action plans.